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KP Sharma Oli

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The Right Honourable
KP Sharma Oli
के.पी. शर्मा ओली
Oli in 2018
38th Prime Minister of Nepal
Assumed office
15 July 2024
PresidentRam Chandra Poudel
DeputyBishnu Prasad Paudel
Prakash Man Singh
Preceded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
In office
15 February 2018 – 13 July 2021
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
12 October 2015 – 24 August 2016
PresidentRam Baran Yadav
Bidya Devi Bhandari
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Succeeded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
Leader of the Opposition
In office
27 February 2023 – 4 March 2024
Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
13 July 2021 – 26 December 2022
Prime MinisterSher Bahadur Deuba
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
4 August 2016 – 15 February 2018
Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Ministerial offices
Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal
In office
2006–2007
Serving with Amik Sherchan
Prime MinisterGirija Prasad Koirala
Preceded byBharat Mohan Adhikari
Succeeded byBamdev Gautam
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
2006–2007
Prime MinisterGirija Prasad Koirala
Preceded byRamesh Nath Pandey
Succeeded bySahana Pradhan
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
1994–1995
Prime MinisterMan Mohan Adhikari
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded byKhum Bahadur Khadka
Senior party positions
Chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
Assumed office
8 March 2021
Preceded byPosition established (Party revived as per a Supreme Court verdict)[1]
In office
2014–2018
Preceded byJhala Nath Khanal
Succeeded byPosition abolished (himself as chairman of the Nepal Communist Party)[2]
Chairman of the Nepal Communist Party
In office
17 May 2018 – 8 March 2021
Serving with Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded byPosition established (New party)[2]
Succeeded byPosition abolished (Party dissolved as per a Supreme Court verdict)[1]
Parliamentary offices
Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
Assumed office
4 March 2018
Preceded byKeshav Kumar Budhathoki
(as member of the Legislature Parliament)
ConstituencyJhapa–5
In office
1999–2008
Preceded byChandra Prakash Mainali
Succeeded byGauri Shankar Khadka
(as member of the 1st Constituent Assembly)
ConstituencyJhapa–2
In office
1991–1999
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byGopal Prasad Koirala
ConstituencyJhapa–6
Member of the Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament
In office
21 January 2014 – 14 October 2017
Preceded byBishwodip Lingden Limbu
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
ConstituencyJhapa–7
Personal details
Born
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli

(1952-02-22) 22 February 1952 (age 72)
Iwa, Nepal
Political partyCPN (UML) (before 2018; 2021–present)
Other political
affiliations		NCP (2018–2021)
SpouseRadhika Shakya
Signature
Websitekpsharmaoli.com.np

Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli[a] (born 22 February 1952)[3] is the Prime Minister of Nepal since 15 July 2024.[4] He previously served as prime minister from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016,[5][6][7] and from 15 February 2018 to 13 July 2021, the first prime minister under the new constitution.[8][9][10][11]

Oli opposed India's 2015 blockade of Nepal.[12] He strengthened relations with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditionally close trade ties with India and updated the map of Nepal by constitutional amendment to include territories disputed with India, for which he has received some domestic praise and a reputation as a nationalist.[13][14] Oli's tenure in office has been controversial for frequent use of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media,[15][16] not stopping other officials' corruption,[17] failing to deliver economic growth and deviating from promised budgetary expenditures despite a historic majority in the 2017 election. Oli is the chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). [18]

Early political career[edit]

Oli at the Tribhuvan International Airport

Born in a Bahun family,[19] Oli began his political career in 1966 in opposition to the partyless Panchayat system in place at the time. He joined the Communist Party of Nepal in February 1970. He was involved in subversive politics and was arrested for the first time in 1970. A year later he became a district committee member of the party and soon the chief of the Jhapa Movement Organizing Committee in 1972. Oli was imprisoned for 14 consecutive years from 1973 to 1987 for opposing the autocratic Panchayat system.[20] After his release from prison in 1987, he became a central committee member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and in-charge[spelling?] of the Lumbini zone until 1990.[21]

Multi-party democracy (1991–2006)[edit]

After the 1990 People's Movement, he was elected to the House of Representatives from Jhapa–6 in 1991.[22] He was appointed chief of the foreign relations department of the CPN (UML) in 2024. He was re-elected to the parliament in 1994 and served as the Minister for Home Affairs in Manmohan Adhikari's minority government. He was re-elected from in 1999 from Jhapa constituencies 2 and 6 upon which he gave up his Jhapa–6 seat.[22]

Transition period[edit]

Oli was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs in the interim government of Girija Prasad Koirala in 2006.[23] His investigative committee looked into the death of politician Madan Bhandari and declared it an unsolved murder.[24]

He was defeated in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election from Jhapa–7. He also lost the election for the position of chairman to Jhala Nath Khanal during the eighth general convention of CPN (UML) in 2009.

He was elected from Jhapa–7 in the 2013 Constituent Assembly election and became leader of the CPN (UML) parliamentary party on 4 February 2014, defeating party chairman Khanal by a vote of 98 to 75 in the parliamentary party.[25] Oli was subsequently elected as the chairman of CPN (UML) in July 2014 during the party's ninth general convention.[26][27]

First premiership[edit]

Main article: First Oli cabinet

Oli was elected Prime Minister in a parliamentary vote on 11 October 2015,[28] receiving 338 votes out of 597 members in the Legislature Parliament. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, and Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum along with 13 other small parties. He was sworn in on 12 October.[29]

Oli's first stint faced the economic blockade imposed by India after the new constitution of Nepal.[30] He opposed India, amended the constitution and signed trade and transit treaties with China to counter dependence upon India.[31]

Following the withdrawal of support by CPN (Maoist Centre) on 13 July 2016 from the existing coalition and a no-confidence motion by the party on 14 July 2016, the CPN (UML)–led government shrank into a minority, pressuring him to resign. However, CPN (UML) discussed the no-confidence motion in the house, so the concerned parties met in parliament for three days. During the process, two other major parties, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, also withdrew their support from the coalition. On the third day, 24 July 2016, after addressing the opposition in parliament, Oli resigned.[32] The Indian government was accused of conspiring to bring down Oli as he resisted the economic blockade imposed by India; this was denied by the Ministry of External Affairs of India.[33]

Second premiership[edit]

Main article: Second Oli cabinet

Oli was appointed Prime Minister for a second time on 15 February 2018 after CPN (UML) became the largest party in the House of Representatives following the 2017 legislative elections with support from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), the same party whose withdrawal of support had led to resignation in his first term.[34] He passed a motion of confidence on 11 March 2018 with 208 of 268 in the 275-member House of Representatives.[35] The left-wing alliance of the CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merged to form the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) on 17 May 2018, turning Oli's coalition government into a majority with a two-thirds majority in the House.[36]

In May 2020, the Oli government unveiled new maps of the country including the disputed territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura in response to the inauguration of a road across the Lipulekh pass by India,[37] which led to a "cartographic war" between the two countries.[38] A constitutional amendment bill to amend the official map and emblem of the country passed unanimously.[39][40][41][42]

In December 2020, Oli dissolved the House of Representatives for elections on 30 April and 10 May 2021.[43][44] This was after infighting in the ruling NCP culminated in a faction of the party, led by former prime ministers Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Madhav Kumar Nepal, planning a motion of no-confidence against Oli in the House.[45] Oli's reluctance in withdrawing a controversial Constitutional Council Act further led to tensions in the ruling party.[46] On 23 February 2021, a constitutional bench led by Chief Justice Cholendra Shumsher Rana declared the dissolution unconstitutional, and reinstated the House to meet within 13 days.[47][48] Oli respected the verdict and convened parliament on 7 March.[49][50]

On 7 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled to award the Nepal Communist Party to Rishiram Kattel after he challenged the Election Commission's ruling of providing the name of his party to the NCP formed after the 2018 merger.[51] The verdict dissolved the ruling party jointly led by Oli and Dahal, reviving the former CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties.[52] This reduced Oli's government back to a coalition, exacerbating political tensions. The CPN (Maoist Centre) recalled its ministers on 13 March 2021 and withdrew its support from the Oli government on 5 May 2021, turning it into a minority government.[53][54]

On 10 May 2021, Oli failed a vote of confidence with 93 of 232 in the House of Representatives, 43 below the 136 majority.[55] He became a caretaker prime minister.[56]

Third minority premiership and subsequent party split[edit]

Main article: Third Oli cabinet

Oli became a minority Prime Minister on 13 May 2021, when no opposition party formed a majority or claimed it in time.[11][57] Following the dissolution of the House of Representatives at midnight on 22 May 2021, the Oli government turned into an interim government until elections from 12 to 19 November 2021.[58]

On 12 July 2021, the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court formed to hear the opposition's writs against the dissolution. It declared the dissolution unconstitutional and ordered the appointment of Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours.[59][60][61][62]

Following disputes between Oli and Madhav Nepal, Nepal's faction supported Deuba's motion of confidence, defying the party whip. On 18 August, the party was split, with Nepal and Khanal forming the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) with 31 MPs.[63][64][65]

Oli was re-elected party chair in the 10th general convention of the CPN (UML) in November 2021.[66][67]

2022 election and fourth premiership[edit]

Main article: Fourth Oli cabinet

Oli led the party in the 2022 general election against an alliance of the ruling parties including Congress, CPN (MC), CPN (US) and others. CPN (UML) secured the most votes in the party list proportional system and became the second-largest party in the House of Representatives.[68] After power-sharing talks broke down inside the ruling alliance, Oli and Dahal brokered a deal, backing Dahal's bid as prime minister with support from the UML, Rastriya Swatantra Party, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, People's Socialist Party, Janamat Party, Nagrik Unmukti Party and three independents.[69] The UML withdrew from the coalition government ahead of the presidential election in March 2023, but joined hands with Dahal again in March 2024.[70][71]

Following disagreements with the prime minister and other coalition partners about the annual budget and citing the need for a stable government of national consensus, Oli and Nepali Congress' Deuba agreed on 1 July 2024 to form a rotational government with the two party chairs serving equal time as prime minister.[72][73] CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Dahal government, and following a failed a motion of confidence for Dahal in the House on 12 July, Oli was appointed prime minister for a fourth stint on 14 July as part of a coalition with the Nepali Congress, and sworn in the following day.[74][75][76][77]

Electoral history[edit]

Oli was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha from Jhapa in 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2017 on a CPN (UML) ticket.[78] He won from two constituencies[clarification needed] in the 1999 election and gave up his Jhapa–6 seat. He lost the 2008 Constituent assembly election, but won in 2013. Since the new constitution, he won two elections from Jhapa–5, one in 2017 and the other in 2022.

1991 Nepalese general election[edit]

Jhapa 6
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli – Elected

1994 Nepalese general election[edit]

Jhapa 6
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 18,861 Elected
Nepali Congress Keshav Kumar Budhathoki 14,202 Lost

1999 Nepalese general election[edit]

Jhapa 2
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 18,909 Elected
Nepali Congress Giriraj Kumari Prasai 18,892 Lost
Jhapa 6 (vacated)
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 23,749 Elected
Nepali Congress Kasi Lal Tajpuriya 19,713 Lost

2008 Constituent Assembly election[edit]

Jhapa 7
Party Candidate Votes Status
Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Bishwodip Lingden Limbu 16,099 Elected
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 14,959 Lost

2013 Constituent Assembly election[edit]

Jhapa 7
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 19,287 Elected
Nepali Congress Suresh Kumar Youngaya 11,041 Lost

2015 Parliamentary Prime Minister election[edit]

Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 338 Elected
Nepali Congress Sushil Koirala 249 Lost

2017 Nepalese general election[edit]

Jhapa 5[79]
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 57,139 Elected
Nepali Congress Khagendra Adhikari 28,297 Lost

2022 Nepalese general election[edit]

Jhapa 5[80]
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 52,319 Elected
Nepali Congress Khagendra Adhikari 23,743 Lost

Personal life[edit]

Oli is married to Radhika Shakya. He met his wife, a fellow communist, after he was released from prison. They met during party activities.[81]

Health issues[edit]

Oli underwent kidney transplantation twice. The 2007 transplant was in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.[82] The 2020 transplant was in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. It was a kidney from 32-year-old Samikshya Sangraula, who is reportedly Oli's niece by relation[clarify]. A senior transplant surgeon from New Delhi, who had done the 2007 transplantation, was also present to assist the procedure in Kathmandu.[83]

Controversial claims[edit]

Oli is known for his tongue-in-cheek remarks and use of slang and various proverbs, often with double meanings and criticism, some directed to his own party.[84][85] Oli claims he learnt this technique during the Panchayat era when he was underground to entertain his colleagues.[85] Sometimes he is alleged to be a "Comedian in Politics". Some of his controversial claims are:

  • Supercomputer, February 2019: Oli claimed that the world is amazed by the supercomputer being built by Nepal. He was referring to a computer that was being built in the Banepa IT Park, which the makers have claimed to be a supercomputer in spite of its lacking computing power.[86]
  • Rhino and Mount Everest, August 2019: Oli claimed the English word rhinoceros should be replaced by the Nepali word for the animal, Gainda (Nepali: गैँडा, romanized: Gaim̐ḍā), and Mount Everest should be known as Sagarmatha (Nepali: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā) by everyone.[87] He said, "...Do you know what [a] gaida [is]? You people know [a] gaida as [a] rhino. But rhinos are not rhinos, they are gaida. I request you to remember this word—gaida...".[88]
  • Indian coronavirus, May 2020: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, Oli had lashed out at India, saying that the "Indian virus" was more dangerous than the "Chinese or Italian virus" and even made light of the Indian national emblem.[89] He said this during an address to the parliament where he blamed the rising number of coronavirus cases on individuals violating the nationwide lockdown, especially those sneaking into Nepal from India, claiming that "people coming from India through illegal channels are spreading the virus in the country."[90] This sparked a round of media attention in India.[91][92]
  • Sneeze out the virus, June 2020: While addressing the National Assembly, Oli claimed, "...Corona is like the flu, if contracted, one should sneeze, drink hot water and drive the virus away..." generating ridicule in the national media and social networks. He also claimed ginger, garlic and turmeric are known to have vitamins and antioxidants that can help boost the immune system to fight coronavirus.[93]
  • Lord Rama is a Nepali, July 2020: While addressing a function celebrating the 207th birth anniversary of poet Bhanubhakta Acharya, Oli said Lord Rama was born in Nepal and India had created a fake Ayodhya.[94][95][96] He claimed Thori, a place near Birgunj in southern Nepal, to be the birthplace of Rama and it was impossible for Rama to reach Janakpur in eastern Nepal to marry Sita from Ayodhya in India. He later launched an investigation into this matter, asking officials in the region to research the whereabouts of Ayodhyapuri.[97] He also claimed to have found strong evidences of the real Ayodhya, supposedly including the ruins of Someshwar Gadhi and Valmiki Ashram, both of whom are associated with Lord Rama.[97]
  • Yoga originated in Nepal, June 2021: On the occasion of International Day of Yoga on 21 June 2021, Oli claimed that yoga originated in Uttarakhand and Nepal in particular.[98] According to him, India as a country did not exist at the time when yogic science was founded.[99][100][101] This caused backlash from Nepali and Indian social media.[102]

Bibliography[edit]

  • Selected speeches of K P Sharma Oli. Kathmandu: Central Office, Communist Party of Nepal – UML. 2016.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Nepali: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली, pronounced [ˈkʰʌɽɡʌprʌsad̪ ˈoli]; Also known as KP Sharma Oli; English pronunciation: /ˈkeɪ ˈpi ʃɑːrmə oʊliː/ⓘ

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External links[edit]

House of Representatives of Nepal
New constituency Member of Parliament for Jhapa 6
1991–1999 		Succeeded by
Gopal Prasad Koirala
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Jhapa 2
1999–2008 		Succeeded byas Member of the Constituent Assembly
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Jhapa 5
2018–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Home Affairs
1994–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ramesh Nath Pandey
 Minister of Foreign Affairs
2006–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2015–2016 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2018–2021 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2024–present 		Incumbent
2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
Preceded by Member of the Constituent Assembly for Jhapa 7
2014–2017 		Constituency abolished
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
2014–2018 		Party dissolved
New political party Leader of the Nepal Communist Party (NCP)
2018–2021
Party re-established Leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
2021–present 		Incumbent
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