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2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement

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2024 Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement
Student demonstrations in Shahbagh, Dhaka in July 2024
Clockwise from the top:
  • Police blockade in a mass procession
  • A female student carrying a protest sign written "কোটা নাকি মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!" (lit. 'Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!')
  • A male student carrying a protest board written "ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল" (lit. 'Break down the shackles of those quotas') wearing shackles
Date6 June 2024 — present
(1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Bangladesh
Caused byReinstating of the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs through the declaration of the 2018 government circular as illegal by the Bangladesh High Court.
GoalsMajority:
Reduction of the amount of quotas in all government jobs in Bangladesh
Fractions:
Complete abolishment of the quota system
Methods
StatusOngoing
Parties
Protesters
  • Anti-discrimination Students' Movement
  • University and college students

Supported by:
Bangladesh Nationalist Party[1][2]
Jatiya Party (Ershad)[3]
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal[4]
Left Democratic Alliance
Bangladesh Students Union
Lead figures

Collective leadership

Casualties and losses
1 death of Chhatra League[25][26]
1 death of Chatra Dal[27]
25 journalists injured[28][29]
quotamovementbangladesh.com

The 2024 Quota Reform Movement,[30] dubbed as Bangla Blockade by the protesters, is an ongoing protest movement spearheaded by the students, as well as teachers,[31][32] of both the public universities and private universities of Bangladesh. The movement demands the reform of the conventional system of quota-based recruitment of government jobs in the country.[33][34][35] The protests started in response to a verdict by the High Court division on 5 June 2024, which declared the 2018 government circular cancelling the 30% quota for freedom fighters' descendants in government jobs, illegal.[36][37] The circular was issued in the wake of the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[38][39]

After the court decision, online activism started against the verdict, along with calls for "another 2018". Initial protests were staged in early-June, mainly concentrated in the capital Dhaka, but were later discontinued due to Eid-ul-Adha and summer holidays. After the holiday, peaceful demonstrations by the students restarted on 1 July, while public university teachers declared a strike protesting the new Universal Pension Scheme[clarification needed], causing universities to close. Demonstrations spread nationwide as the movement became headed by a newly-organised Boishommobirodhee Chhatro Andolon (Bengali: বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলন, lit. 'Anti-discrimination Students' Movement'), an umbrella organisation for the student protesters. On 7 July, protestors started the nationwide Bangla Blockade, organising traffic and rail obstruction with demonstrations in major cities and metropolises such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Cumilla, Jessore, Rangpur and Rajshahi.[40] While the Appellate Division ordered a four-week status quo regarding the quota on 10 July, protests continued and demanded a solution from the government.[41] Protests turned violent for the first time the next day as the police clashed with the students. On 14 July, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's made controversial remarks about the protesters, escalating the situation. On 15 July, the ruling Awami League solidified its stance against the demonstrations, and the protestors met violent suppression from the Chhatra League, leaving several hundred injured.[42][43][44]

Background[edit]

Further information: Quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service

After the High Court verdict was published on 5 June 2024, students of various universities in Dhaka united to demand quota reform. After the movement was initially started, it was postponed due to Eid and summer holidays. After the holidays, the agitation started again peacefully but gradually became widespread. Initially the students and teachers of public universities including University of Dhaka, Jagannath University, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Jahangirnagar University, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Comilla University, Islamic University and other educational institutions joined the movement.[45] Later, the students of private universities including North South University, Independent University Bangladesh, BRAC University, American International University-Bangladesh, United International University, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Southeast University and Varendra University also followed suit by joining the public demonstration.[46] Under the banner of Anti-discrimination Students' Movement, students started the Bangla Blockade. During the movement, the Appellate Division issued a status quo for four weeks on 10 July, cancelling the freedom fighter quota. Reacting to the court verdict, the students said they are seeking a final solution to the quota issue from the government, claiming the movement has nothing to do with the court. Appellate Division upholds status quo in High Court verdict. The protest also affected the domestic train and the road transportation experienced blockade.[47][48]

Demands[edit]

The Anti-discrimination Students' Movement has put forward the following demands to the government:[49][50]

  • Cancellation of the existing quota system for government jobs.
  • Provision of the quota at fair rates to minority groups and disabled people.
  • Passing a new law in the parliament which establishes a new quota system for a maximum of 5% of total jobs.

Timeline[edit]

Student carrying a protest sign written "কোটা একটি ভিক্ষা; মুক্তি পাক শিক্ষা" (lit. 'Quota is an alm; education be freed').
An anti-quota protester carrying a protest sign written "আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো ১৫ জুলাই, আমরা কিভাবে ভুলে যাই? কোটা মুক্ত দেশ চাই!" (lit. 'My brothers' blood spattered 15 July, how can we forget? Wants a quota-free country!').

5 June – 9 July[edit]

On June 5, the High Court reinstated the job quota that reserves a third of the civil service posts for children of fighters in the Bangladesh Liberation War.[51]

Six universities performed peaceful protests against the Quota ruling.[52]

Due to Eid ul Adha vacation, the protest calmed down, until the holiday ended.[citation needed]

On 7 July, students staged a blockade, and demanded the rescinding of the quota.[53]

10 July[edit]

University of Dhaka students gathered in front of the central library and went to Shahbagh and besieged[clarification needed] the place. Members of the law and order forces positioned barricades in front of the students. In the afternoon, it is known that the status quo has been given for four weeks in the judgement given by the High Court cancelling the quota system. The Chief Justice asked the students to go back. Dhaka's transport system came to a standstill due to the blockade in various parts of Dhaka. Long-distance buses were stopped due to the agitation.[54]

Police attacked protesting students of Comilla University.[55]

11 July[edit]

The siege of Shahbagh[clarification needed] was supposed to start from 03:00 PM but due to rain, the students crossed the police barricade on their way to Shahbagh and started at 04:30 PM. Dhaka College students retreated due to police barricades and Dhaka University students joined the students of Jagannath University at Shahbagh. Apart from Shahbagh, other places in Dhaka were unaffected by the movement. At 09:00 PM, the students ended their agitation and announced a protest march and rally on 12 July to protest the police attack on them.[54]

12 July[edit]

At 05:00 PM, students gathered at Shahbagh and staged a blockade.[56]

While students were protesting at Comilla Victoria College, a group of Chhatra League members launched an attack. During the situation, a student who was recording a video was taken to a hall and beaten by the Chhatra League members.[57]

13 July[edit]

Students protested by blocking the railway tracks in Rajshahi.[58] In Dhaka, DU students held a press conference in the evening, where they complained that attempts were being made to block the students' movement with lawsuits.[59]

14 July[edit]

Students marched in Dhaka and held a sit-in protest and blockade, later submitting a memorandum to President Mohammed Sahabuddin.[60]

In response to the controversial statement allegedly made by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh during a press conference, where she reportedly referred to students protesting the quota reform movement as the children of Rajakars (traitors in the 1971 Independence War), students organized a midnight demonstration at the Dhaka University campus area. Female students from Rokeya Hall joined the protest by breaking the lock put up by the authorities at the dorm gate.[61]

The government instructed operators to shut down the 4G network in the University of Dhaka area.[62] At around 11:30 PM, leaders and members of the Bangladesh Chhatra League attacked the protesters at University of Chittagong[63] where 13 of the student protesters got injured.[64]

15 July[edit]

In Jessore at around 12:00 PM, the students from Jessore University of Science and Technology and Michael Madhusudan College staged a protest, where a member of the Chhatra League attacked and injured a protester.[65]

In Dhaka, Members of the Chhatra League started their procession to Shahbagh from Segunbagicha near Motsho Bhobon at around 03:45 PM.[66]

Later in the evening, Chhatra League members attacked students inside Bijoy Ekattor Hall of Dhaka University, where some of the attackers were seen shooting with pistols and carrying sticks.[67] In response, the protesters also threw brickbats from the inside of the hall to retaliate.[68] While covering the protest in the University of Dhaka, two journalists from The Daily Star and Prothom Alo also got assaulted and injured by the attack carried out by the Chhatra League.[69][66]

At 5:30 PM, members of the Chhatra League attempted to attack the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where over 200 students injured in the clashes were seeking treatment.[70][71] After several attempts throughout the afternoon, Chhatra League members, some wearing helmets, forcibly entered DMCH around 7:30 PM and initiated an attack. Many were observed carrying rods and Chinese axes.[72] They targeted students already injured in the quota reform movement and vandalized several ambulances parked at DMCH.[73]

Later the same evening, an attack carried out by the Chhatra League Rajshahi branch at the Rajshahi University left 6 students injured including the Joint convenor of the Bangladesh Students Union at RU.[74]

In Comilla, The CoU coordinator of the anti-discrimination student movement got assaulted at around 8:00 PM when eight Chhatra League members called him to check his phone and later beat him.[75]

The protesters called for nation-wide demonstrations and rallies in all educational institutions of the country at 03:00 PM on 16 July.[76]

16 July[edit]

In the early hours of 16 July, at around 12:15 AM, members of the Chhatra League attacked Jahangirnagar University students using firearms. The students took shelter at the vice-chancellor's residence after breaking its lock.[77] Around 300 Chhatra League members, armed with GI pipes and sticks, threw bricks and glass bottles at the students. Shots were reportedly fired, injuring two journalists, including one from Dhaka Tribune and over 50 of the student protesters.[78]

Police arrived to control the situation, while both groups positioned themselves outside the vice-chancellor's residence. Students claimed the attackers included outsiders, some in their forties.[79] Later on, the sub-inspector of the Ashulia Police Department instead decided to blame the students by stating that the protesters are to blame for causing "this mayhem".[80]

A violent incident involving police and students demanding quota reforms took place in front of Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur between 2:30 PM and 3:00 PM. Police resorted to lathi charge and firing during the incident. According to Dr. Md. Yunus Ali, Director of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, a Begum Rokeya University student named Abu Sayed died after being brought to the hospital with gunshot wounds.[81]

At around 3:30 PM, it was reported that in the Farmgate–Khamabari area, the Chhatra League assailants attacked the protestors with sticks. When the protestors took shelter in the Farmgate metro rail station, the assailants entered the metro rail station and started to beat the students, which was witnessed by the passengers. Police were allegedly deployed to control the situation.[82] However, DMTCL, the authority responsible for the operation for the Dhaka Metro Rail, denied these claims and stated that guards of the station drove the "miscreants" away as they entered with bamboo sticks. They also stated that there was no damage to the station. However, they are planning to close some of the gates of the station complex for some time to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.[83]

Students from various private universities and colleges also protested and blocked roads against the violence of the Chhatra League in the quota reform movement, including Notre Dame College, Dhaka Residential Model College , RAJUK Uttara Model College, Adamjee Cantonment College, Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, Ideal School and College, Ideal College, Dhaka City College, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, BAF Shaheen College Kurmitola, Birshrestha Noor Mohammad Public College, Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rauf Public College, PrimeAsia University, United International University, BRAC University, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dania College, Dr. Mahbubur Rahman Mollah College, State University of Bangladesh, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Daffodil International University, North South University, American International University Bangladesh, Independent University, Bangladesh, Eastern University, City University, East West University, Southeast University, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Manarat International University and many others.[84][85][86][87]

The students of North South University, Independent University Bangladesh and BRAC University protested at and around their respective premises areas at Bashundhara Residential Area and Merul Badda with the blockade set up by the students extending up to Baridhara, the streets infront of the Jamuna Future Park mall, the largest mall in the country, Notun Bazar, Badda, Kuril, causing gridlock to its neighbouring areas as well, including Rampura, Banasree, Badda Link Road and Abul Hotel area in Malibagh. Students of PrimeAsia University blocked the Banani area. Students of Notre Dame College protested in the country's main financial hub and the largest central business district of Motijheel at Shapla Square. Students of Daffodil International University also made an attempt to start a demonstration at the road, but instead protested on-campus. Students of other universities and colleges also joined the protests. Protests also took place in Dhanmondi, specifically in front of the Science Laboratory area and in Uttara. Gridlocks were also experienced at places like Mohammadpur, Dhanmondi, Mirpur Road, and Gabtoli.[88][89][90]

Students blocked railway lines in Chattogram and Mohakhali.[91] The Dhaka–Chattogram,[92] Dhaka–Barisal,[93] Dhaka–Rajshahi[94] and Dhaka–Tangail highways were also blocked.[95]

In the evening, the Ministry of Education announced the indefinite closure of schools and colleges[96][97] and the postponing of the HSC exam scheduled for 18 July.[98]

UGC has declared that all public and private universities across the country will remain closed until further notice.[99] At the same time, all affiliated medical, textile, engineering and other colleges will also remain closed.[100][101] The commission also directed the university authorities to vacate the residential halls allegedly considering safety of the students.[102]

In remembrance of the fallen, the movement announced a symbolic funeral prayer scheduled for July 17.[103]

17 July[edit]

Clashes erupted with police after the funeral prayer program organized by BNP and cohesive parties to honor six individuals killed on 16th July for the quota reform movement.[104]

The government has ordered all students to vacate from the residential halls.[105] The protestor has rejected the order, to which the authorities have deployed police to evacuate the halls.[106][107][108] Students who blocked the Dhaka-Barisal highway announced a total shutdown for Thursday, allowing only emergency services, to protest police violence, demand justice for the deceased, and call for a terror-free campus.[109]

Razakar remarks[edit]

Students of the University of Rajshahi using the Razakar slogans at 11:30pm on 14 July 2024

On 14 July, Prime minister Sheikh Hasina said:

If the grandchildren of freedom fighters don't get quota benefits, will those then go to the grandchildren of the Razakars?[a] That's my question, the countrymen's question.

In response to the Prime Minister's comment, in the early hours of 15 July 2024 students began using slogans such as "তুমি কে, আমি কে? রাজাকার, রাজাকার! কে বলেছে, কে বলেছে? স্বৈরাচার, স্বৈরাচার!"[b] (lit. 'Who are you? Who am I? A Razakar, a Razakar! Who has said it? Who has said it? The Autocrat, the Autocrat!')[110] and "চাইতে গেলাম অধিকার, হয়ে গেলাম রাজাকার!"[c] (lit. 'Sought for rights, got turned into a Razakar!').[111][112] The Bangladesh Chhatra League threatened that any protester using these slogans would face consequences, as they viewed these actions as offensive to the spirit of the liberation war and freedom fighters. The organisation announced plans to take action if the usage of these slogans continued.[113][114]

Social Welfare Minister Dipu Moni, stated that the protesters should not have the right to hold the flag of Bangladesh.[115] In light of these events, the Prime Minister questioned the education of the protesters and described their behaviour as "very regrettable."[116]

However, the protesters argue that the Prime Minister's statement indirectly labelled them as "Razakars" and demeaned them for advocating for quota reform.[117] In response to that, they have adopted the slogan.[118]

Aftermath[edit]

Due to the Chhatra League attacks, major universities across Dhaka including Dhaka University and Jagannath university have expelled many associated with the group. In Dhaka University, authorities even went on to accept the students 10 point demands.[119][failed verification]

Casualties[edit]

As of 17 July 2024, six fatalities have been reported nationwide due to the attacks and violence carried out by Chhatra League and Bangladesh Police.[64][42] They are being considered Shaheed (Bengali: শহীদ lit. 'Martyr') by the quota reformist students.[103] In addition, over 600 students and civilians have been injured.[120] The reported fatalities include Md. Shahjahan (25), a hawker from the New market area;[121] Md Farooq (32), an employee of a furniture shop; Faisal Ahmed Shanto (24), a student of Omargani M.E.S. College;[122] Md Wasim Akram (22), a student of the Sociology Department at Chittagong College;[123] and Abu Sayed (25), a student of the Department of English at Begum Rokeya University.[124][125]

Sabuj Ali (25), a member of the Chhatra League and a student of Dhaka College,[126] was also among those who died during the violence.[127]

Reactions[edit]

Domestic[edit]

Bangladesh's largest opposition Nationalist Party denounced the Chhatra League attacks on the protesters.[128] Left Democratic Alliance also denounced the suppressions saying that "The government is delivering provocative speeches instead of recognizing logical changes in the quota system".[129]

Thirty eminent citizens of the country have condemned the loss of lives in violent clashes during anti-quota protests across the country.[130] Non-governmental organization Transparency International Bangladesh also denounced the suppressions.[131]

The US Embassy in Bangladesh has issued an alert for its citizens living in the country to avoid demonstrations and exercise caution in the vicinity of any large gatherings.[132]

International[edit]

The United States Department of State spokesperson Matthew Miller condemned the attacks on protesters by the Chhatra League which killed two anti-quota protesters.[133] However, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh Saheli Sabrin, called Miller's remarks "unsubstantiated claims".[134]

Amnesty International also condemned the attacks against protesters, calling on the government "to immediately guarantee the safety of all peaceful protesters and proper treatment of all those injured".[135][133]

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Razakars were a paramilitary force during the Bangladesh Liberation War which collaborated with the Pakistani forces to halt the independence of Bangladesh. In modern Bangladesh, the term razakar is used as a pejorative, meaning "traitor" or "collaborator", similar to the usage of "Quisling" in the Western World.
  2. ^ In some version, সরকার (lit. 'Government') is used instead of স্বৈরাচার (lit. 'Dictator').[citation needed]
  3. ^ In some version, চেয়েছিলাম is used instead of চাইতে গেলাম but the meaning remains unchanged.[citation needed]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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